Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (ca. 70 – ca. 155)
“Eighty and six years have I served Christ, and he never did me any injury; how then can I blaspheme my King and my Savior.” (spoken ca. 155)
Polycarp burned for his simple defense of Christ.
Warned that his arrest is impending, elderly Bishop Polycarp has left Smyrna and hidden in a farmhouse. The threat on his life is real; Smyrnans have executed several other Christians recently for their faith. Now a pagan mob is demanding the bishop’s life. Smyrnans are fiercely loyal to Rome and to the old gods. “Kill the church leader,” they reason, “and his church will die.”
The governor dispatches soldiers to track down the old man, who has the distinction of being one of the last churchmen who actually studied at the feet of the Lord’s apostles. The soldiers care nothing about this. Intent on locating him, they torture witnesses, who reveal Polycarp’s whereabouts. His hiding place betrayed, Polycarp moves to another. One must face martyrdom boldly when it comes, he believes, but no one should seek it.
The authorities learn of the farmhouse in which he is hiding, and arrive to arrest Polycarp. He welcomes them as if they are old friends and asks that they be served food and drink. He requests only an hour to pray before being taken to the arena. They agree. Overhearing his godly prayers, the soldiers wonder why they are arresting him. Surely this is a good man! They allow the hour to stretch into two.
Finally they can delay no longer. They haul Polycarp in. When he nears the city, a heathen magistrate drives up in his chariot, and takes Polycarp up into it. The magistrate tries to persuade Polycarp to sacrifice to the gods; but finding that he can make no headway with him, pushes him out of the chariot so roughly that he falls and scrapes open the flesh on his shin. Showing as little pain as possible, the old bishop limps behind the soldiers into the amphitheatre, where great numbers of people are gathered.
At sight of him, they set up loud cries of rage and savage delight; but Polycarp hears a voice saying to him, “Be strong and play the man!” and he does not allow the spite of the crowd to trouble him. The governor desires him to deny Christ, and promises if he will, his life will be spared. But the faithful bishop answers, “Fourscore and six years have I served Him, and He has never done me wrong; how then can I now blaspheme my King and Savior?”
When Polycarp rejects further opportunities to save himself by denying Jesus, the governor threatens to burn him. Polycarp turns the tables and warns him of eternal fire. The governor ignores the warning and orders the execution to proceed. The soldiers prepare to nail Polycarp to the stake, but he assures them nails won’t be needed. He is tied instead. The fire is lit and the flames leap up. But what is this? The fire parts around Polycarp; it is as if the flames avoid him; eyewitness will claim his body glows like gold in the fire. Finally a soldier, whose usual task is to put wounded animals out of their misery, executes the bishop with a sword. The good old man is dead, an inspiration to others who will perish in similar circumstances for centuries to come.
—Dan Graves
Dig a Little Deeper
- Aland, Kurt. Saints and Sinners; Men and Ideas in the Early Church. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1970.
- Bacchus, F. J. “Polycarp.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton, 1914.
- Church of Smyrna. The Martyrdom of Saint Polycarp. (Accessed July, 2008)
- Eusebius Pamphilus. Church History. The Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Vol. I Eusebius Pamphilus: Church History; Life of Constantine; Oration in Praise of Constantine, edited by Philip Schaff. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdman’s, reprinted from the 1891 edition.
- Hoole, Charles H., translator. “The Martyrdom of Polycarp.” (Accessed July, 2008)
- Polycarp. Letter to the Philippians. (Accessed July, 2008)
- Salmon, G. “Polycarpus, Bishop of Smyrna.” in A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines: Being a Continuation of “The Dictionary of the Bible,” edited by William Smith and Henry Wace. London : J. Murray, 1877.
- Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. Grand Rapids, Mich. : W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1958-1960, 1907-1910.
